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21 October 2004

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History of Keswick

Cumbria has a rich history from pre-history, Roman, to the present day.

Cumbria has many remains of its pre history, Stone Circles being a great example. Few places are as atmospheric as a Stone Circle. The best known is Castlerigg on the outskirts of Keswick; also Long Meg and her Daughters in the Eden Valley, which is less visited, both are in good condition. The others are rarely visited and few people realise just how many there are. There are also numerous sites where evidence such as cave paintings of much earlier habitation have been found.

After Claudius' (Roman Emperor AD 41-54) invasion in AD 43 it took 30 years to conquer the south and west of England, and Wales. For all but two short periods their rule extended only as far north as Hadrians Wall, along a line from the River Tyne to the Solway Firth. The evidence of their occupation is clear in Cumbria, from its Roman roads to Hadrian's wall itself.

Wars did not stop with the Romans, strife between England and Scotland, whether the official wars of the kings or of private individuals and families, was for 700 years and more the chief influence on the history of Cumbria. The 'official' wars between England and Scotland began with the defeat of the Norse King Dunmail in 945 by the Saxon King Edmund. From then until 1070 the Kings of Scotland ruled Cumbria. In 1070 Gospatric, an Anglo-Saxon Earl of Northumberland recaptured it again, and in 1072 passed it to his son Dolfin. In 1092 William II of England(called Rufus because of his red hair) drove Dolfin out of the kingdom.Rufus was the second son of William the Conqueror.

Today Cumbria is a peace full place, yet evidence of its turbulent past can be discovered and explored.

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